Vocabulary building

Affixes and roots

Adding affixes to existing words (the base or root) to form new words is common in academic English. Prefixes are added to the front of the base (like dislike), whereas suffixes are added to the end of the base (active activate). Prefixes usually do not change the class of the base word, but suffixes usually do change the class of the word.

The most common prefixes used to form new verbs in academic English are: re-, dis-, over-, un-, mis-, out-. The most common suffixes are: -ise, -en, -ate, -(i)fy. By far the most common affix in academic English is -ise.

Verbs

e.g. prefix + verb verb

Prefix	Meaning	Examples
re-	again or back	restructure, revisit, reappear, rebuild, refinance
dis-	reverses the meaning of the verb	disappear, disallow, disarm, disconnect, discontinue
over-	too much	overbook, oversleep, overwork
un-	reverses the meaning of the verb	unbend, uncouple, unfasten
mis-	badly or wrongly	mislead, misinform, misidentify
out-	more or better than others	outperform, outbid
be-	make or cause	befriend, belittle
co-	together	co-exist, co-operate, co-own
de-	do the opposite of	devalue, deselect
fore-	earlier, before	foreclose, foresee
inter-	between	interact, intermix, interface
pre-	before	pre-expose, prejudge, pretest
sub-	under/below	subcontract, subdivide
trans-	across, over	transform, transcribe, transplant
under-	not enough	underfund, undersell, undervalue, underdevelop

Exercise

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Times and Location

Prepositions of Time: at, in, on

We use:

• at for a PRECISE TIME
• in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
• on for DAYS and DATES

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Adjectives and Adverbs

Definitions:

Adjectives are words that describe nouns or pronouns. They may come before the word they describe (That is a cute puppy.) or they may follow the word they describe (That puppy is cute.).

Adverbs are words that modify everything but nouns and pronouns. They modify adjectives, verbs, and other adverbs. A word is an adverb if it answers how, when, or where.

The only adverbs that cause grammatical problems are those that answer the question how, so focus on these.

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Possesive Adjectives

Warning! These are adjectives. Don't confuse them with pronouns !

Possesive adjectives are used to show ownership or possession.

Subject pronoun	Possessive adjective
I	my
you	your
he	his
she	her
it	its
we	our
they	their

For example:

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CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPER I

We use the first conditional when we talk about a real possibility that the condition will happen in the future. For example :

If the sky is cloudy and there is a chance it will rain, what would you do?

a.       If it rains , I will stay at home and read or

b.      I will stay at home if it rains.

Notice that we use ‘Will + Verb I’ and ‘Simple Present tense’ to talk about the possibility of future results. Here is the complete structure:

IF + SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE + (comma) + S + WILL + VERB 1 Or S + WILL + VERB 1 + IF + SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

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Cara Mengatasi Kesulitan Belajar

Kegiatan belajar mengajar dikelas bukanlah hanya sebuah kegiatan transfer ilmu semata, tapi lebih jauh lagi dalam hal penyiapan dan pembentukan generasi yang lebih kompenten pada bidang yang pilihnya. Tentunya kegiatan belajar mengajar yang dilakukan dikelas tidaklah semudah dalam sinetron yang "tiba-tiba" menjadi pintar tanpa upaya maksimal baik dari guru, siswa , sekolah dan aspek lainnya yang mempengaruhi pendidikan itu sendiri. Dibutuhkan dukungan dari semua aspek yang menjadi faktor penentu keberhasilan kegiatan belajar mengajar disekolah dan salah satunya adalah tingkat kemampuan guru dalam menemukan dan melayani perbedaan individu siswa yang mengalami kesulitan belajar.

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JENIS-JENIS KESULITAN BELAJAR

1.      Kesulitan Belajar Umum

Anak berkesulitan belajar umum secara nyata mengalami kesulitan dalam tugas-tugas akademik khusus maupun umum, baik disebabkan oleh adanya disfungsi neurologis, proses psikologi dasar maupun sebab-sebab lain sehingga prestasi belajarnya rendah dan anak tersebut berisiko tinggi tinggal kelas.

Anak berkesulitan belajar tidak sama dengan anak tunagrahita. Anak berkesulitan belajar umum biasanya ditandai dengan prestasi belajar yang rendah untuk hampir semua mata pelajaran atau nilai rata-rata jauh di bawah rata-rata kelas sehingga mempunyai risiko cukup tinggi untuk tinggal kelas. Kesulitan belajar tersebut disebabkan karena IQ yang rendah. Pada umumnya nak yang mengalami kesulitan belajar karena mempunyai inteligensi di bawah rata-rata yakni dengan IQ antara 70-90. Mereka sulit untuk menangkap pelajarn dan umumnya bersekolah di sekolah-sekolah umum.

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