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Minggu, 06 Januari 2013

Vocabulary building



Affixes and roots

Adding affixes to existing words (the base or root) to form new words is common in academic English. Prefixes are added to the front of the base (like right arrowdislike), whereas suffixes are added to the end of the base (active right arrowactivate). Prefixes usually do not change the class of the base word, but suffixes usually do change the class of the word.
The most common prefixes used to form new verbs in academic English are: re-, dis-, over-, un-, mis-, out-. The most common suffixes are: -ise, -en, -ate, -(i)fy. By far the most common affix in academic English is -ise.

Verbs

e.g. prefix + verb right arrowverb
Prefix
Meaning
Examples
re-
again or back
restructure, revisit, reappear, rebuild, refinance
dis-
reverses the meaning of the verb
disappear, disallow, disarm, disconnect, discontinue
over-
too much
overbook, oversleep, overwork
un-
reverses the meaning of the verb
unbend, uncouple, unfasten
mis-
badly or wrongly
mislead, misinform, misidentify
out-
more or better than others
outperform, outbid
be-
make or cause
befriend, belittle
co-
together
co-exist, co-operate, co-own
de-
do the opposite of
devalue, deselect
fore-
earlier, before
foreclose, foresee
inter-
between
interact, intermix, interface
pre-
before
pre-expose, prejudge, pretest
sub-
under/below
subcontract, subdivide
trans-
across, over
transform, transcribe, transplant
under-
not enough
underfund, undersell, undervalue, underdevelop